Pokhara University (PU) | Syllabus
Pharmaceutical Chemistry II
(Stereochemistry and Reaction Mechanism)
B.Pharm (Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Sciences)
For: First Year | First Semester
PHC 172 | Credit Hours: 3

Course Objectives:
This course will provide the fundamental knowledge on the structure and chemical reaction of organic molecule or drugs.

Course Contents:

1. Structure and Nomenclature Organic Compounds : 7 hours
   Atomic structure, Orbitals, Electron configuration, Covalent bond, Valence bond Theory, Molecular orbital theory, Hybridization of carbon (sp3, sp2, sp), oxygen, and nitrogen, Drawing of chemical structure, Molecular model, Functional group, Classification of organic compounds, Nomenclature (Classical, IUPAC)
2. Stereochemistry : 13 hours
   Stereochemistry and stereoisomerism, Optical activity, Polarimeter, Specific rotation, Enantiomerism and Tetrahedral carbon, Enantiomerism and Optical activity, Prediction of enantiomerism (chairality), Chiral center, Racemic modification, Configuration, Specification of configurations (R and S), Sequence rule, Diastereomers, Epimers, Geometrical isomerism, E and Z-configurations
3. Conformational Analysis : 8 hours
   Conformation in open chain system, Conformation in six membered rings, Conformation in six membered rings containing heteroatoms, Conformation in other rings, conformation and physical properties, Conformational effects on stability and reactivity
4. Reaction Mechanism : 7 hours
   Types of mechanism, Types of reaction, Thermodynamic and Kinetic requirements for reaction, Kinetic and Thermodynamic control, the Hammond postulate, Microscopic reversibility
5. Methods for Determining Mechanism : 5 hours
   Identification of products, Determination of the presence of intermediate, Study of catalysis, Isotope labeling, Stereochemical evidence, Rate expression for the first and second order reaction, Isotope effect
6. Reactive Intermediates : 5 hours
   Stability, Structure, Generation, and Fate of Carbocation, Carbanion, Free radical, Carbene, Nitrene, and Benzyne, Nonclassical carbonium ion, Neighbouring group participation by pi- and sigma-bonds, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity

Reference Books:

1. John McMurry: Organic Chemistry (5th Ed.) 2000, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company (Asian Books Pvt. Ltd.), New Delhi.
2. Robert Thornton Morrison and Robert Neilson Boyd: Organic Chemistry (6th Ed.) 1999, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Jerry March: Advanced Organic Chemistry (4th Ed.) 2000, John Wiley and Sons., New York.
4. Ernest L. Eliel: Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, 1998, Tata-McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.